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The Multi Asset Process

December 2021 Market Review

Past performance does not predict future returns. You may get back less than you originally invested. Reference to specific securities is not intended as a recommendation to purchase or sell any investment.

Key points from the month:

  • Strong 2021 for equities but should we expect more pauses for breath over the next 12 months?
  • Bank of England pushes through small rate rise as inflation continues to tick upwards, despite Omicron uncertainty
  • Eight potential hikes expected in the US over the next three years, culminating in a ‘neutral’ 2.1% base rate by the end of 2024

Omicron and Christmas parties (of the 2020 vintage) dominated newsflow during December, with uncertainty around the former broadly preventing much in the way of a Santa rally.

In the US, the S&P 500 index did manage one last record high late in December, registering close to 70 peaks over the year, and was up just under 27% over the course of 2021. The Stoxx Europe 600 index also remains near its all-time high after advancing more than 22%, and, with a more modest but still strong 14% gain from the FTSE 100 index, no one can deny this was an excellent 12 months for equities.

The 14.3% rise from the UK’s blue-chip index was the best since 2016 and went a long way to repairing the damage from a mirror image 14.3% decline in 2020, the worst drop since the 2008 financial crisis. As for the S&P, the index outstripped the Dow Jones Industrial Average and tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite with the widest margin of outperformance since 1997, only the sixth time it has beaten both in the same year (most recently in 2004 and 2005).

Striking a more cautious note, however, history suggests that after a gain of at least 20% by the US index, returns are comparatively muted over the following 12 months, with an average rise of around 8% according to Dow Jones data.

We remain positive on prospects for 2022 overall but, supporting the point above, highlight that in 2021 there was only one 5% correction in September and the fact falls of at least this magnitude have historically occurred three times a year suggests a pause for breath is likely, particularly if Covid infection numbers continue to rise. Early signs point to encouragingly lower hospitalisation numbers with the Omicron variant but we prefer to stick to managing client money as best we can rather than adding another voice to the reams of amateur epidemiology out there.

Despite fears of the new strain and anaemic UK GDP growth of 0.1% in October, the Bank of England (BoE) finally decided to pull the lever with a small interest rate rise of 0.15 percentage points, to 0.25%, after an eight to one vote in favour at its December meeting. The BoE also revised down expectations for GDP in 2021 by around 0.5%, leaving the figure still 1.5% below its pre-Covid level, with growth in many sectors restrained by disruption to supply chains and shortages of labour. Omicron is also likely to have depressed figures for December and the first part of 2022.

With a large spike in the 12-month CPI (Consumer Price Index) from 3.1% in September to 5.1% in November, the BoE cited significant upside news in core goods’ and, to a lesser extent, services’ price inflation. Expectations continue to creep upwards and inflation is now predicted to remain around 5% through the majority of the winter and then peak at 6% in April, with this increase predominantly driven by the lagged impact on utility bills of developments in wholesale gas prices. For now, however, CPI inflation is still expected to fall back in the second half of 2022.

These developments came as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned the BoE against inaction bias, urging policymakers to begin raising rates before inflation becomes ingrained. In its annual review of the UK economy, the IMF said recovery has been far stronger than expected and Omicron will likely only cause a ‘mild slowdown’ over the next quarter.

Meanwhile, safely ensconced in the US Federal Reserve for another four-year term, chair Jay Powell paved the way for the December meeting with comments in support of faster-than-expected withdrawal of asset purchases and rate rises, citing a strong economy and inflationary pressures. As expected, the Fed subsequently announced an earlier end to its bond buying, bringing the date forward to March (from June), and laid the groundwork for rate rises soon after. The central bank’s dot plot chart now shows three hikes expected in 2022, and another five in 2023 and 2024 (split three and two), as policy shifts back towards a ‘neutral’ 2.1% base rate.

Equities initially responded fairly positively to greater policy clarity and the belief seems to be persisting – pandemic allowing – that a range of assets can weather the pivot away from ultra-loose policy. Much of this earlier-than-expected tightening is driven by inflation running higher and longer than projected and the ‘transitory’ description has noticeably disappeared from the Fed’s lexicon.

October’s 30-year peak in inflation was swiftly followed by a 40-year high in November, rising 6.8% compared to the previous year as prices for petrol, used cars, rent, food and other goods continued to climb. Economists surveyed by the Financial Times expect US inflation to remain elevated well into next year, with the Fed’s preferred measure, the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, moderating marginally to 3.5% by December 2022. Almost two-thirds anticipate core PCE will still be above the Fed’s 2% target by the end of 2023.

We continue to stress that while headline inflation globally has risen sharply due to higher energy prices and temporary lockdown-driven supply shortages, the increase in core inflation has been less pronounced. In the face of concerns over tightening policy, it is also important to recognise this tightening cycle begins at historically low levels with emergency rates rather than at the lower end of a normal range.

Given all the concern about inflation, it is interesting to check in with Japan, which remains an outlier as so many other central banks start down the path towards policy normalisation. With low inflation rates in the country, having been mired in deflation for so long, no significant changes in policy are expected until April 2023 at the earliest when current Governor Kuroda’s term of office ends.

Among positive developments over the final month of 2021, US congressional leaders struck a deal that should lead to raising the federal government’s borrowing limit and avert another crisis over the US debt ceiling. More concerning is the ongoing struggles of Chinese property giant Evergrande, with the company starting to default on its many debt obligations. S&P has published a report stating more defaults beyond Evergrande are likely, with China’s corporate debt now almost a third of the global total at $27 trillion. The country’s debt-to-GDP ratio of 159% is markedly higher than the global average rate of 101%, implying huge contagion risks if these debts begin to turn bad. Beijing is preparing a 'controlled demolition' of Evergrande to protect its economy, with a slowdown in the Chinese real estate sector, which accounts for a significant proportion of output, potentially having a major impact on global growth.

Across our Multi-Asset funds and portfolios, we remain positive on risk assets entering the new year and continue to be bullish on the reflation trade that looks to be gathering pace again after a summer lull. Our goal has always been to prepare rather than react and this view plays into three long-term calls: global ex-US equities are more attractive than the US, small caps should outperform large, and value should outstrip growth – all running contrary to what happened for most of the 2010s.

Within equities, we see better value in Europe, where stocks are trading at attractive valuations versus the US due to strong earnings revisions and the region is also poised to benefit from a value/cyclical-driven market. The UK remains cheap and, more than a year on from the long-awaited Brexit deal getting done, is still a contrarian play despite strong signs of recovery from the depths of the pandemic. Over the course of 2021, investors pulled more than £8 billion from open-ended UK equity funds but we continue to see good value in our unloved local market.

Emerging markets remain a watchpoint as the regulatory shift in China has caused a re-rating in the region’s stocks, especially in the technology sector. This has made emerging market companies more attractive on valuations but they bring added near-term volatility, and investing in China will have to come with an understanding that the government is likely to treat certain sectors more favourably than others.

Overall, we expect equities to remain the main driver of returns and therefore continue to be overweight, while we remain underweight duration in our fixed income allocation as central banks prevaricate over the timing and extent of rate rises and tapering. There remains a split between bulls and bears with respect to economic outlook so we prefer to take a balanced, flexible approach where we can focus on long-term themes and build diversified portfolios able to perform throughout the cycle.

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Key Risks 
 
Past performance is not a guide to future performance. The value of an investment and the income generated from it can fall as well as rise and is not guaranteed. You may get back less than you originally invested. The issue of units/shares in Liontrust Funds may be subject to an initial charge, which will have an impact on the realisable value of the investment, particularly in the short term. Investments should always be considered as long term.
 
Some of the Funds and Model Portfolios managed by the Multi-Asset Team have exposure to foreign currencies and may be subject to fluctuations in value due to movements in exchange rates. The majority of the Funds and Model Portfolios invest in Fixed Income securities indirectly through collective investment schemes. The value of fixed income securities will fall if the issuer is unable to repay its debt or has its credit rating reduced. Generally, the higher the perceived credit risk of the issuer, the higher the rate of interest. Bond markets may be subject to reduced liquidity. Some Funds may have exposure to property via collective investment schemes. Property funds may be more difficult to value objectively so may be incorrectly priced, and may at times be harder to sell. This could lead to reduced liquidity in the Fund. Some Funds and Model Portfolios also invest in non-mainstream (alternative) assets indirectly through collective investment schemes. During periods of stressed market conditions non-mainstream (alternative) assets may be difficult to sell at a fair price, which may cause prices to fluctuate more sharply.

 

Disclaimer
 
This is a marketing communication. Before making an investment, you should read the relevant Prospectus and the Key Investor Information Document (KIID), which provide full product details including investment charges and risks. These documents can be obtained, free of charge, from www.liontrust.co.uk or direct from Liontrust. Always research your own investments. If you are not a professional investor please consult a regulated financial adviser regarding the suitability of such an investment for you and your personal circumstances. 
 
This should not be construed as advice for investment in any product or security mentioned, an offer to buy or sell units/shares of Funds mentioned, or a solicitation to purchase securities in any company or investment product. Examples of stocks are provided for general information only to demonstrate our investment philosophy. The investment being promoted is for units in a fund, not directly in the underlying assets. It contains information and analysis that is believed to be accurate at the time of publication, but is subject to change without notice. Whilst care has been taken in compiling the content of this document, no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made by Liontrust as to its accuracy or completeness, including for external sources (which may have been used) which have not been verified. It should not be copied, forwarded, reproduced, divulged or otherwise distributed in any form whether by way of fax, email, oral or otherwise, in whole or in part without the express and prior written consent of Liontrust. Always research your own investments and if you are not a professional investor please consult a regulated financial adviser regarding the suitability of such an investment for you and your personal circumstances. 

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